Form N-400: Aplication for Naturalization

What is it?

The Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, is the official document used by lawful permanent residents (green card holders) to apply for U.S. citizenship. Becoming a U.S. citizen grants numerous benefits, including the right to vote, obtain a U.S. passport, and sponsor family members for immigration benefits. It is administered by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Below is a comprehensive guide covering the eligibility criteria, application process, required documents, and frequently asked questions about the N-400 form.

Eligibility Requirements for Naturalization

To qualify for U.S. citizenship through naturalization, applicants must meet the following criteria:

1. Age Requirement

The applicant must be at least 18 years old at the time of filing Form N-400.

2. Permanent Resident Status

The applicant must have been a lawful permanent resident (LPR) for at least five years (or three years if married to a U.S. citizen).

3. Continuous Residence

The applicant must have maintained continuous residence in the United States for the required period (five or three years).

4. Physical Presence

The applicant must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the last five years (or 18 months if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen).

5. Good Moral Character

Applicants must demonstrate good moral character, meaning they should not have committed serious crimes or immigration violations.

6. English and Civics Knowledge

Most applicants must pass an English language test (reading, writing, and speaking) and a U.S. civics test.

7. Oath of Allegiance

Applicants must be willing to swear allegiance to the United States and uphold the principles of the U.S. Constitution.

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Application Process for Form N-400

1. Prepare Form N-400

• Complete Form N-400 online via the USCIS website or file a paper application.
• Ensure all information is accurate and truthful.

2. Gather Supporting Documents

• Permanent Resident Card (Green Card).
• Evidence of marital status (if applicable, such as marriage certificates or divorce decrees).
• Proof of military service (if applying based on military service).
• Any other relevant immigration documents.

3. Pay the Filing Fee

• The standard filing fee is $640, plus an additional $85 for biometric services (total: $725).
• Fee waivers are available for certain low-income applicants.

4. Attend the Biometrics Appointment

• USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment to collect fingerprints, photographs, and a signature.

5. Complete the Citizenship Interview and Exam

• A USCIS officer will review the application and ask questions about the applicant’s background.
• Applicants must pass the civics and English language tests unless eligible for an exemption.

6. Receive a Decision

• USCIS may approve, continue, or deny the application based on the interview and submitted documents.

7. Attend the Oath Ceremony

• If approved, the applicant will receive a notice for the oath ceremony, where they will officially become a U.S. citizen.
• A Certificate of Naturalization will be issued upon completing the oath.

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Applying for U.S. citizenship through Form N-400 is a significant step that offers numerous advantages. Understanding the eligibility requirements, application process, and common challenges can help applicants successfully navigate the naturalization journey. If you need further guidance or assistance with your application, do not hesitate to contact us immediately, we are here to help you and guide you along this new path.

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Common Questions About Form N-400

1. Can I apply for citizenship if I have a criminal record?

It depends on the nature of the crime. Certain offenses, such as aggravated felonies, can permanently bar citizenship. USCIS will assess each case individually.

2. Do I need to take the citizenship test if I am over a certain age?

Applicants over 50 years old and who have lived in the U.S. as a green card holder for at least 20 years may be exempt from the English test but must still take the civics test in their native language.

3. How long does it take to process Form N-400?

Processing times vary but generally range from 6 to 12 months, depending on the applicant’s location and USCIS workload.

4. Can I travel outside the U.S. while my N-400 is pending?

Yes, but maintaining continuous residence is crucial. Prolonged trips (over six months) may negatively impact eligibility.

5. What happens if I fail the citizenship test?

Applicants have two chances to pass the test. If they fail the first time, they can retake the test within 60 to 90 days of the initial interview.

6. Can I apply for citizenship if my green card is expired?

Yes, but USCIS recommends renewing the green card before applying.

7. What are the benefits of becoming a U.S. citizen?

Citizens can vote in elections, obtain a U.S. passport, sponsor family members for immigration, and enjoy protection from deportation.

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